Self-knowledge and self-reflection are precepts that humanity has valued since its earliest beginnings. In antiquity, both the Latins and the Greeks emphasized the importance of self-awareness. Nosce te ipsum (lat.) and gnōthi seauton (gr.) are aphorisms that have remained in use and are applicable all the way to our day and age, advising the young and old to take the time to know oneself and self-reflect. And still, self-reflection and self-awareness are not easy tasks. Brill (2010) describes self-reflection as a “sometimes painful process” (p.20). Self-reflection takes time, a genuine willingness to self-analyze, a preparedness to accept whatever the self-reflection process will reveal, and a readiness to make changes. Van de Ven and Sun (2011) describe reflection as the revision of one’s mental model to better fit the change and the processes unfolding in the organization. It is thus, a process of identification and adjustment, which requires willingness, readiness, and adaptability. Self-reflection is important in leadership and coaching as it helps one discover strengths and weaknesses, values, and the reasons behind certain behaviors. Self-reflection is important in helping leaders understand and define their own leadership style, and further communicate it to others. A 2010 Cornell University and Greek Peak Partners study found that a high degree of self-awareness was the strongest indicator of success in leadership. Tjan (2012) makes an interesting point in saying that a leader who knows his or her own weaknesses is better prepared to hire others who may compensate for them. In coaching, self-reflection is an important component in building trusting relationships with the coachee. Aguilar (2013) contends that a coach needs to know his or her own triggers, be aware of emotional responses, and be prepared to take ownership of mistakes or areas of weaknesses. Aguilar suggests transformational coaching as the most desirable coaching model, as it involves a high degree of self-reflection from both the coach and the coachee, and it produces changes in both parties involved. A self-reflection tool used by leaders and professionals worldwide is the Johari Window, created by Joe Luft and Harry Ingham. This model promotes self- or group-awareness through a disclosure/feedback pathway. Fig. 1: The Johari Window
One of the most vulnerable positions to be in is in quadrant 2, the “Blind Area”, which pertains information about oneself not known to self, but known to others. This quadrant can be decreased through thorough and honest self-reflection, as well as through an sincere and consistent habit of inviting and responding to feedback from co-workers or followers. Self-reflection may not be an innate predisposition for all leaders all professionals, but it is a habit which can be developed and which, in time, yields valuable benefits. A Romanian proverb states that those who don’t know their weaknesses are condemned to dwell in them. Building awareness of one’s strengths and areas of growth is comparable to enriching one’s toolbox and preparing to face the unknown of future interactions and challenges effectively. References Aguilar, E. (2013). The art of coaching: Effective strategies for school transformation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, A Wiley Brand. Brill, F. (2010). Reflective storytelling as professional development: through storytelling, school administrators can make sense of the many challenges they face and become more effective in the art and science of school leadership. Leadership, (2), 18. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspxdirect=true&AuthType=sso&db=edsgea&AN=edsgcl.243875198&site=eds-live&scope=site Cipriani, J. (2004). Johari Window. Richer Experiences. Retrieved from http://www.richerexperiences.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Johari-Window.pdf Gnōthi Seauton. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gnothiseauton. Nosce Te Ipsum. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nosce eipsum. QLK Team (n.d.). Leaders & Self-Reflection. Retrieved from https://www.qlksearch.com/blog/leaders-self-reflection. Tjan, A. K. (2014, July 23). How Leaders Become Self-Aware. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2012/07/how-leaders-become-self-aware.html. Van de Ven, A. H., & Sun, K. (2011). Breakdowns in implementing models of organization change. The Academy of Management Perspectives, (3), 58. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=sso&db=edsgea&AN=edsgcl.267864968&site=eds-live&scope=site
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![]() Organizational change was defined within the parameters of differences in status, form, or quality over time (Van de Ven & Poole, 1995, as cited in Van de Ven & Sun, 2011). In their own definition of organizational change, Herold and Fedor (2008, as cited in Seo, Shin, & Taylor, 2012) focused rather on the “alterations of existing work routines and strategies” (p. 727) and their impact on the people who experience them as part of the organization itself. Change implies modification, adaptation, evolution, learning, often struggle, and just as often, rewards. I resonated with the teleological model proposed by Van de Ven and Sun (2011). “A teleology or planned change model views development as a repetitive sequence of goal formulation, implementation, evaluation, and modification of an envisioned end state based on what was learned or intended by the people involved” (Van de Ven & Sun, 2011, p. 61). The cyclical setting of goals, implementation, assessment, and adaptation resonates with how change is approached in my current institution. Special attention and care are dedicated to giving a voice to all stakeholders, especially in the goal setting and assessment stages, which supports the institution’s core values of respect, appreciation, and open-mindedness. Any leader who has tried to implement change at a given moment, be it a significant change or a minor one, knows that the way one envisions change and the way change is perceived by those who have to experience it and live with it may be very different. Thus, I learned early on as a novice leader that people need certain steps to be taken by the leadership, to prepare the ground and the stakeholders for the introduction and the implementation of change. Here are 4 aspects that I always try to consider, to help our employees not only accept, but also embrace change.
Change is never easy, but change is inevitable, and it is its unavoidable nature that makes it exciting. References: Brown Brené. (2018). Dare to lead: brave work, tough conversations, whole hearts. New York: Random House. Shin, J., Taylor, M. S., & Seo, M.-G. (2012). Resources for change: the relationships of organizational inducements and psychological resilience to employees’ attitudes and behaviors toward organizational change. Academy of Management Journal, 55(3), 727–748. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0325 Sinek, S. (2011). How great leaders inspire action. [TED Talk].Retrieved October 11, 2019, from https://www.ted.com/talks/simon_sinek_how_great_leaders_inspire_action. Van de Ven, A. H., & Sun, K. (2011). Breakdowns in implementing models of organization change. The Academy of Management Perspectives, (3), 58. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=sso&db=edsgea&AN=edsgcl.267864968&site=eds-live&scope=site Each well-established school should go through a regular, periodic curriculum review cycle. We are currently in the process of revising the Standards, Can Do Statements, and Learning Targets for our Mandarin as a Foreign Language track. They are a vast set of statements, inspired by the ACTFL Standards and Proficiency Guidelines.
During a Curriculum Work Session, all our Mandarin teachers engaged in a thorough revision of all our guiding statements, in an effort to ensure that they are still accurate, that they match within the different categories, and that they promote authentic communication. Next steps would be to make the necessary changes and adjustments, based on the team's findings and on latest research and best practices in language acquisition. The journey to improvement leads sometimes up a sinuous pathway, and it never really ends! ![]() Our school has five School-Wide Learning Outcomes (SLOs) that describe the profile of our learners. They are: * Insightful Learners * Effective Communicators * Principle-Centered Leaders and Team Members * Active Global Citizens * Reflective Spiritual Beings. Recently, we spent a full work session working with our Mandarin language teachers to unpack each of these SLOs and the way they reflect in our teaching, learning and assessing in language classes. These are such universal statements, that they can translate easily in any subject, at any grade level. Our teachers used the thinking routine See-Think-Wonder designed by Harvard's Project Zero to explore the illustrations, descriptions, and possibilities related to these profiles. They commented on how efficient and successful this simple tool was, and how it allowed them to analyze each SLO more in depth. I can add that simplicity is often the key to effectiveness. Great learning has happened at the International Community School Singapore, where Jaime Thomas and I shared theories, ideas and strategies for working with English Language Learners in international school settings. We discussed topics like building empathy, second language acquisition, social vs. academic language, vocabulary development, differentiation and scaffolding.
We got to work with a group of young and energetic teachers, who aimed to better understand and support the ELLs in their classes. We also got to experience a snapshot of a consultant's job and we thoroughly enjoyed it. It's definitely something we consider pursuing further. |
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